Some 20 percent of Spaniards are genetically to similar to Sephardi Jews

Findings confirm many Jews converted rather than face expulsion, from 15th century on.

From the 15th century on, Spain’s Jews were mostly expelled or forced to convert, but today some 20 percent of Spaniards have genes similar to Sephardic Jews, a study has found.

A report in the American Journal of Human Genetics says almost a fifth of Spaniards have genes similar to Sephardic Jews while 11 percent have links to Muslims in North Africa.

«The genetic composition of the current population is the legacy of our diverse cultural and religious past,» one of the report’s authors, Francesc Calafell, from the evolutionary biology faculty at Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona, said on Friday.

Along with researchers from Leicester University in England and the Wellcome Trust, the study analysed DNA samples from 1,140 men in Spain, Portugal and the Balearic Islands and compared them to established data on Moroccans, Algerians, and Sephardic Jews in Istanbul and Israel.

«The work shows that religious conversions and subsequent marriages between people of different lines had a significant impact on modern populations both in the Balearic Islands and in Portugal,» another author Elena Bosch said in a statement.

One of the most surprising findings is the percentage of Spaniards having genes similar to Sephardic Jews, although Spain had a relatively small Jewish population compared to its Moorish population.

This may arise because genetic features of Sephardic Jews used in the study are shared with other peoples such as neolithics and Phoenicians, so today’s Spaniards could have inherited some of those genetics from various sources.

The Moors invaded the Iberian peninsula in 711 and remained until defeated in battle by the so-called Catholic Monarchs in 1492. Moorish influence is still very noticeable in Spain’s language, architecture, music and other aspects of its culture.

Jews lived in Spain before the Moors arrived and although small in number played a significant cultural and economic role.

Hundreds of thousands of Jews were expelled from Spain in various repressive moves, started by the Catholic Monarchs. The study suggests many Jews converted rather than face repression.

Some Sephardic communities to this day speak Ladino, which is similar to medieval Spanish and can be understood by present-day Spaniards.

Source: Haaretz 7/12/2008

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